Lokhu okutholakele okuyindida kudonse ukunaka kwabahleli be-C&EN kulo nyaka
ngu-Kristal Vasquez
IPEPTO-BISMOL MYSTERY
Ikhredithi: Nat.Umphakathi.
Isakhiwo se-Bismuth subsalicylate (Bi = epinki; O = ebomvu; C = impunga)
Kulo nyaka, ithimba labacwaningi abavela e-Stockholm University baqhekeza imfihlakalo yekhulu leminyaka: ukwakheka kwe-bismuth subsalicylate, isithako esisebenzayo ku-Pepto-Bismol (Nat. Commun. 2022, DOI: 10.1038 / s41467-022-29566-0).Besebenzisa i-electron diffraction, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi inhlanganisela ihlelwe ngokwezingqimba ezinjengezinduku.Maphakathi nendawo yenduku ngayinye, ama-anion omoya-mpilo ashintshana phakathi kwamabhuloho ama-bismuth cations amathathu namane.Ama-anion salicylate, ngakolunye uhlangothi, axhumanisa ku-bismuth ngokusebenzisa amaqembu awo e-carboxylic noma e-phenolic.Besebenzisa amasu e-electron microscopy, abacwaningi baphinde bathola ukuhluka kokunqwabelaniswa kongqimba.Bakholelwa ukuthi lolu hlelo oluphazamisekile lungase luchaze ukuthi kungani ukwakheka kwe-bismuth subsalicylate ukwazile ukugwema ososayensi isikhathi eside kangaka.
Ikhredithi: Ngenhlonipho kaRoozbeh Jafari
Izinzwa ze-graphene ezinamathele engalweni zinganikeza izilinganiso eziqhubekayo zomfutho wegazi.
AMATATOO OMCINDEZELELO WEGAZI
Iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100, ukuqapha umfutho wegazi lakho kusho ukuthi ingalo yakho incinywe nge-cuff ephefumulayo.Okunye okubi kwale ndlela, nokho, ukuthi ukulinganisa ngakunye kumelela isifinyezo esincane sempilo yomuntu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.Kodwa ngo-2022, ososayensi bakha i-graphene “tattoo” yesikhashana engakwazi ukuqapha umfutho wegazi ngokuqhubekayo amahora ambalwa ngesikhathi (Nat. Nanotechnol. 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01145-w).Uhlu lwenzwa olususelwa kukhabhoni lusebenza ngokuthumela amaza kagesi amancane engalweni yomuntu owugqokile futhi agade ukuthi i-voltage ishintsha kanjani njengoba imanje ihamba ezicutshini zomzimba.Leli nani lihambisana nezinguquko zevolumu yegazi, i-algorithm yekhompuyutha engakwazi ukuyihumushela kuzilinganiso zomfutho wegazi we-systolic ne-diastolic.Ngokusho komunye wababhali balolu cwaningo, u-Roozbeh Jafari wase-Texas A&M University, le divayisi izonikeza odokotela indlela engabonakali yokuqapha impilo yenhliziyo yesiguli isikhathi eside.Kungasiza futhi ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bahlunge izici ezingaphandle ezithinta umfutho wegazi—njengokuvakashela udokotela okucindezelayo.
AMA-RADICAL AZALWA NGABANTU
Ikhredithi: Mikal Schlosser/TU Denmark
Amavolontiya amane ahlezi egumbini elilawulwa yisimo sezulu ukuze abacwaningi bakwazi ukutadisha ukuthi abantu balithinta kanjani izinga lomoya wasendlini.
Ososayensi bayazi ukuthi imikhiqizo yokuhlanza, upende, nezinto zokuvuselela umoya konke kuthinta izinga lomoya wasendlini.Abacwaningi bathole kulo nyaka ukuthi abantu bangakwazi, futhi.Ngokubeka amavolontiya amane ngaphakathi kwegumbi elilawulwa yisimo sezulu, ithimba lithole ukuthi amafutha emvelo esikhumbeni sabantu angasabela nge-ozone emoyeni ukuze akhiqize ama-radicals e-hydroxyl (OH) (Isayensi 2022, DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0340).Uma sesenziwe, lawa ma-radicals asebenza kakhulu angakwazi ukukhipha izinhlanganisela ezisemoyeni futhi akhiqize ama-molecule angaba yingozi.Amafutha esikhumba abamba iqhaza kulokhu kusabela i-squalene, esabela nge-ozone ukuze yakhe i-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO).I-ozone bese isabela nge-6-MHO ukuze yakhe i-OH.Abacwaningi bahlela ukwakhela phezu kwalo msebenzi ngokuphenya ukuthi amazinga alawa ma-hydroxyl radicals akhiqizwa umuntu angase ahluke kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezihlukene.Okwamanje, bathemba ukuthi lokhu okutholakele kuzokwenza ososayensi bacabange kabusha ukuthi bahlola kanjani i-chemistry yasendlini, ngoba abantu abavame ukubonwa njengemithombo yokukhishwa kwegesi.
ISAYENSI EPHEPHILE NGESEXELE
Ukuze bahlole amakhemikhali akhipha ushevu ukuze azivikele, abacwaningi kudingeka bathathe amasampula esikhumba ezilwaneni.Kodwa amasu okusampula akhona avame ukulimaza lezi zilwane ezihlala emanzini noma ezidinga i-euthanasia.Ngo-2022, ososayensi basungula indlela enobuntu kakhulu yokusampula amaxoxo besebenzisa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-MasSpec Pen, esebenzisa isampula efana nepeni ukuze icoshe ama-alkaloid akhona ngemuva kwezilwane (ACS Meas. Sci. Au 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00035).Idivayisi yakhiwe ngu-Livia Eberlin, usokhemisi ohlaziya eNyuvesi yaseTexas e-Austin.Ekuqaleni kwakuhloselwe ukusiza odokotela abahlinzayo ukuthi bahlukanise phakathi kwezicubu ezinempilo nezinomdlavuza emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa u-Eberlin waqaphela ukuthi leli thuluzi lingasetshenziswa ukutadisha amaxoxo ngemva kokuhlangana noLauren O'Connell, isazi sezinto eziphilayo eStanford University ofunda ukuthi amaxoxo adla kanjani futhi ahlukanise ama-alkaloids. .
Ikhredithi: Livia Eberlin
Ipeni le-mass spectrometry lingasampula isikhumba samaxoxo anobuthi ngaphandle kokulimaza izilwane.
Ikhredithi: Isayensi/Zhenan Bao
I-electrode enwebekayo, eqhubayo ingakala ukusebenza kukagesi kwemisipha yengwane.
AMA-ELECTRODE AFANA NE-OCTOPUS
Ukuklama i-bioelectronics kungaba isifundo sokuyekethisa.Ama-polymers aguquguqukayo avame ukuqina njengoba izakhiwo zawo zikagesi zithuthuka.Kodwa ithimba labacwaningi eliholwa u-Zhenan Bao wase-Stanford University liqhamuke ne-electrode enwebekayo futhi eqhubayo, ehlanganisa okuhamba phambili kwayo yomibili imihlaba.I-pièce de resistance ye-electrode yizigaba zayo ezihlanganayo—isigaba ngasinye sithuthukisiwe ukuze sibe yi-conductive noma sithambile ukuze singamelani nezakhiwo zesinye.Ukukhombisa amakhono akhe, u-Bao wasebenzisa i-electrode ukuze avuse ama-neurons esiqwini sobuchopho samagundane futhi akale ukusebenza kukagesi kwemisipha yengwane.Ubonise imiphumela yazo zombili izivivinyo emhlanganweni we-American Chemical Society's Fall 2022.
BULLETPROOF IZINKUNZI
Ikhredithi: ACS Nano
Lesi sembatho sokhuni singaxosha izinhlamvu ezinomonakalo omncane.
Kulo nyaka, ithimba labacwaningi eliholwa u-Huazhong University of Science and Technology's Huiqiao Li lidale isivikelo sokhuni esiqine ngokwanele ukuchezukisa inhlamvu yesibhamu esivela ku-9 mm revolver (ACS Nano 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10725).Amandla okhuni avela kumashidi awo ashintshanayo e-lignocellulose kanye ne-siloxane polymer exhumene.I-lignocellulose imelana nokuphuka ngenxa yebhondi yayo yesibili ye-hydrogen, engakheka kabusha lapho ephukile.Ngaleso sikhathi, i-polymer ephathekayo iba namandla lapho ishaywa.Ukwakha okokusebenza, u-Li wathola ugqozi ku-pirarucu, inhlanzi yaseNingizimu Melika enesikhumba esiqinile ngokwanele ukuba imelane namazinyo abukhali e-piranha.Ngenxa yokuthi izikhali zokhuni zilula kunezinye izinto ezimelana nomthelela, njengensimbi, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukhuni lungaba nezinhlelo zezempi nezokundiza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-19-2022