Lokhu okutholakale ngendlela engavamile kudonsele ukunaka kwabahleli be-C&EN kulo nyaka
by Krystal Vasquez
IMFIHLO YE-PEPTO-BISMOL
Isikweletu: Nat. Commun.
Isakhiwo se-Bismuth subsalicylate (Bi = pink; O = red; C = grey)
Kulo nyaka, ithimba labacwaningi abavela eStockholm University liveze imfihlakalo yekhulu leminyaka: isakhiwo se-bismuth subsalicylate, isithako esisebenzayo ku-Pepto-Bismol (Nat. Commun. 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29566-0). Besebenzisa i-electron diffraction, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi i-compound ihlelwe ngezendlalelo ezifana nenduku. Enkabeni yenduku ngayinye, ama-oxygen anion ayashintshana phakathi kokuhlanganisa ama-bismuth cations amathathu namane. Ama-salicylate anion, okwamanje, ahlangana ne-bismuth ngamaqembu awo e-carboxylic noma e-phenolic. Besebenzisa amasu e-electron microscopy, abacwaningi bathole nokwehluka kokufakwa kwezingqimba. Bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuhlelwa okungahlelekile kungachaza ukuthi kungani isakhiwo se-bismuth subsalicylate sikwazile ukugwema ososayensi isikhathi eside kangaka.
Ikhredithi: Ngomusa kaRoozbeh Jafari
Izinzwa ze-graphene ezinamathele engalweni zinganikeza izilinganiso zomfutho wegazi eziqhubekayo.
AMA-TATTOOS OKUCINDEZELA NGEGAZI
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100, ukuqapha umfutho wegazi lakho kusho ukuthi ingalo yakho icindezelwe nge-cuff efuthwayo. Kodwa-ke, enye inkinga yale ndlela ukuthi isilinganiso ngasinye simelela isithombe esincane sempilo yomuntu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Kodwa ngo-2022, ososayensi bakha "i-tattoo" yesikhashana ye-graphene engaqapha umfutho wegazi njalo amahora amaningana ngesikhathi (Nat. Nanotechnol. 2022, DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01145-w). I-sensor array esekelwe ku-carbon isebenza ngokuthumela amaza kagesi amancane engalweni yomuntu ogqokile futhi iqaphe ukuthi i-voltage ishintsha kanjani njengoba umfutho uhamba ezicutshini zomzimba. Leli nani lihambisana nezinguquko kumthamo wegazi, okungahunyushwa yi-algorithm yekhompyutha ibe yizilinganiso zomfutho wegazi we-systolic kanye ne-diastolic. Ngokusho komunye wabalobi balolu cwaningo, uRoozbeh Jafari waseTexas A&M University, le divayisi izonikeza odokotela indlela engacacile yokuqapha impilo yenhliziyo yesiguli isikhathi eside. Kungasiza futhi ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuhlunga izinto ezingabalulekile ezithinta umfutho wegazi—njengokuvakashela udokotela ngokucindezeleka.
IZINTO EZINGUQUKO EZIVELWE NGABANTU
Ikhredithi: Mikal Schlosser/TU Denmark
Amavolontiya amane ahlala egumbini elilawulwa isimo sezulu ukuze abacwaningi bakwazi ukutadisha ukuthi abantu bathinta kanjani ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi.
Ososayensi bayazi ukuthi imikhiqizo yokuhlanza, upende, kanye nezihlanzisi-moya konke kuthinta ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi. Abacwaningi bathole kulo nyaka ukuthi nabantu bangakwenza. Ngokufaka izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezine egumbini elilawulwa isimo sezulu, ithimba lithole ukuthi amafutha emvelo esikhumbeni sabantu angasabela ne-ozone emoyeni ukuze akhiqize ama-radical e-hydroxyl (OH) (Science 2022, DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0340). Uma sekwakhiwe, lawa ma-radical asabela kakhulu angaxuba amakhemikhali asemoyeni futhi akhiqize ama-molecule angaba yingozi. Amafutha esikhumba ahlanganyela kulezi zindlela zokusabela yi-squalene, esabela ne-ozone ukuze yakhe i-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO). I-Ozone bese isabela ne-6-MHO ukuze yakhe i-OH. Abacwaningi bahlela ukwakha phezu kwalo msebenzi ngokuphenya ukuthi amazinga ala ma-radical e-hydroxyl akhiqizwa ngabantu angahluka kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene zemvelo. Okwamanje, banethemba lokuthi lokhu okutholakele kuzokwenza ososayensi bacabange kabusha ukuthi bahlola kanjani i-chemistry yangaphakathi, njengoba abantu bengavamile ukubhekwa njengemithombo yokukhishwa kwegesi.
ISAYENSI EPHEPHILE NGEZINGXOXO
Ukuze bafunde amakhemikhali abulala amasele ukuze bazivikele, abacwaningi badinga ukuthatha amasampula esikhumba ezilwaneni. Kodwa amasu okuthatha amasampula akhona avame ukulimaza lezi zilwane ezithambile noma adinge ngisho nokubulawa kwabantu. Ngo-2022, ososayensi bathuthukise indlela enobuntu yokuthatha amasele besebenzisa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-MasSpec Pen, esebenzisa isampula efana nepeni ukuze kuthathwe ama-alkaloid akhona ngemuva kwezilwane (ACS Meas. Sci. Au 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00035). Le divayisi yadalwa nguLivia Eberlin, isazi samakhemikhali esihlaziyayo eNyuvesi yaseTexas e-Austin. Ekuqaleni yayihloselwe ukusiza odokotela abahlinzayo ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezicubu ezinempilo nezinomdlavuza emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa u-Eberlin waqaphela ukuthi le thuluzi lingasetshenziswa ukutadisha amasele ngemuva kokuhlangana noLauren O'Connell, isazi sezinto eziphilayo eStanford University ofunda ukuthi amasele asebenzisa kanjani futhi ahlukanise kanjani ama-alkaloid.
Isikweletu: Livia Eberlin
Ipeni le-mass spectrometry lingahlola isikhumba samaxoxo anobuthi ngaphandle kokulimaza izilwane.
Ikhredithi: Isayensi/Zhenan Bao
I-electrode elula neqhubayo ingalinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wemisipha ye-octopus.
Ama-electrode afanelekela i-octopus
Ukuklama ama-bioelectronics kungaba yisifundo sokuvumelana. Ama-polymer aguquguqukayo avame ukuba lukhuni njengoba izakhiwo zawo zikagesi zithuthuka. Kodwa ithimba labacwaningi eliholwa yi-Zhenan Bao yaseStanford University laqhamuka ne-electrode elula futhi eqhubayo, ehlanganisa okuhle kakhulu kuzo zombili izindawo. Ingxenye yokumelana ne-electrode yizingxenye zayo ezixhumene—ingxenye ngayinye yenziwe yaba ngcono ukuze ikwazi ukuqondisa noma ikwazi ukuguquguquka ukuze ingamelani nezakhiwo zenye. Ukuze abonise amakhono ayo, u-Bao wasebenzisa i-electrode ukuvuselela ama-neurons esiqwini sobuchopho samagundane nokulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wemisipha ye-octopus. Wabonisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokubili emhlanganweni we-American Chemical Society's Fall 2022.
Ukhuni Olungangeni Zinhlamvu
Isikweletu: i-ACS Nano
Lesi sivikelo sokhuni singaxosha izinhlamvu ngomonakalo omncane.
Kulo nyaka, ithimba labacwaningi eliholwa yiHuazhong University of Science and Technology's Huazhong University lakha isivikelo sokhuni esiqinile ngokwanele ukuvimba ukudutshulwa kwenhlamvu kusuka ku-revolver engu-9 mm (ACS Nano 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10725). Amandla okhuni avela kumashidi alo ashintshanayo e-lignocellulose kanye ne-siloxane polymer exhunywe nge-cross-linked. I-lignocellulose imelana nokuqhekeka ngenxa yezibopho zayo ze-hydrogen zesibili, ezingaphinde zakheke uma ziphukile. Okwamanje, i-polymer ethambile iba namandla kakhulu uma ishaywa. Ukuze adale izinto, uLi wathola ugqozi ku-pirarucu, inhlanzi yaseNingizimu Melika enesikhumba esiqinile ngokwanele ukumelana namazinyo abukhali njenge-piranha. Ngenxa yokuthi isivikelo sokhuni silula kunezinye izinto ezingamelani nokushayisana, njengensimbi, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukhuni lungaba nezinhlelo zempi nezindiza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 19-2022