I-Citraconic anhydride iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo eyingqayizivele futhi eguquguqukayo enezakhiwo eziningi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Lesi siqina esicwebezelayo esingenambala sitholakala kwezentengiselwano futhi singakhiwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.
I-anhydride ye-Citraconic ingeqembu lama-compound aziwa ngokuthi ama-anhydride ajikelezayo asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlanganisweni kwamakhemikhali, ekupholiseni, nakwezinye izinqubo zezimboni. Isetshenziswa kakhulu nasekukhiqizweni kwama-resin, ukumbozwa, upende kanye nezinamathiselo.
Esinye sezimpawu eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-citraconic anhydride ukusabela kwayo kuma-nucleophiles nama-electrophiles ahlukahlukene, okwenza ukuthi ikwazi ukwenza ukusabela okuningi kwamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, ingasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sezinye izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezifana ne-maleic anhydride, i-acridine kanye ne-pyridine derivatives. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuguqula ama-polymers noma amanye amakhemikhali ngezinjongo ezahlukahlukene njengokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zawo zomzimba, zamakhemikhali noma zebhayoloji.
Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-citraconic anhydride isemkhakheni wokwenziwa kwe-polymer. Ngenxa yokusabela kwayo okuphezulu, ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-monomer noma i-comonomer ekukhiqizweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-polymer njenge-polyesters, ama-polyamides nama-vinyl polymers. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi ama-polymer aguquliwe yi-citraconic anhydride abonisa izakhiwo eziphezulu zemishini, ezishisayo, kanye nezamakhemikhali uma kuqhathaniswa nama-polymer angaguquliwe. Lokhu kwenza kube yinto ekhangayo yokusetshenziswa kumadivayisi ezokwelapha njengezinto zokufakelwa, izinhlelo zokulethwa kwemithi kanye nezisekelo zobunjiniyela bezicubu.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuthakazelisayo kwe-citraconic anhydride kuyisithako ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokuxazulula, ezivumela ukuthi incibilikise izinhlobo eziningi zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili. Ezinye izifundo zikhombisile nokuthi inezakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane kanye nezokulwa namagciwane, okwenza ibe usizo ekwakheni izibulali-magciwane kanye nezingubo zokulwa namagciwane.
I-anhydride ye-citraconic isetshenziswa futhi emkhakheni wokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-reactant noma izinto zokuqala ukulungiselela amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene e-organic njenge-organic acid, ama-carboxylates, ama-amides, ama-ketones, nama-aldehydes. Ukusabela okuphezulu kwe-citraconic anhydride enezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-nucleophiles nama-electrophiles kwenza kube yinto efanelekile yokwenziwa kwama-molecule e-organic ayinkimbinkimbi.
Okokugcina, i-citraconic anhydride ingasetshenziswa njengesithako sokudla ukuthuthukisa ukuthungwa, ukunambitheka kanye nenani lokudla okunomsoco kokudla okuhlukahlukene. Kuyisithako esivamile ekukhiqizweni kwesinkwa, amakhekhe nezinye izinto ezibhakiwe. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesilondolozi sokwandisa impilo yokudla okonakalayo.
Ekuphetheni, izakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-citraconic anhydride kubanzi futhi kuyahlukahluka. Le nhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo eguquguqukayo ithole indlela yayo ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuzokhula kuphela njengoba kutholakala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha. Ukusabela kwayo okumangalisayo kanye nezakhiwo zayo zokuxazulula kuyenza ibe yinto ekhangayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali, ezokwelapha kanye nokudla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-12-2023