Ochwepheshe abayisithupha babikezela izitayela ezinkulu zekhemistri zango-2023
Osokhemisi kwezemfundo kanye nasezimbonini baxoxa ngalokho okuzoba yizihloko zezindaba ngonyaka ozayo
Ikhredithi: uWill Ludwig/C&EN/Shutterstock
UMaher El-Kady, Isikhulu Esiphezulu Sezobuchwepheshe, Amandla E-NANOTECH, kanye noSokhemisi We-ELECTROMIST, IYUNIVESITHI YASE-CALIFORNIA, E-LOS ANGELES
Isikweletu: Ngomusa kaMaher El-Kady
"Ukuze siqede ukuthembela kwethu kumafutha emvelo futhi sinciphise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, okuwukuphela kwendlela yangempela ukufaka ugesi kuyo yonke into kusukela emakhaya kuya ezimotweni. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, sibhekane nentuthuko enkulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizweni kwamabhethri anamandla kakhulu okulindeleke ukuthi ashintshe kakhulu indlela esihamba ngayo siya emsebenzini futhi sivakashele abangani nomndeni. Ukuqinisekisa ukushintshela ngokuphelele emandleni kagesi, kusadingeka ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kobuningi bamandla, isikhathi sokufaka kabusha, ukuphepha, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha, kanye nezindleko nge-kilowatt ihora. Umuntu angalindela ukuthi ucwaningo lwebhethri lukhule kakhulu ngo-2023 ngenani elikhulayo lososayensi bekhemikhali kanye nososayensi bezinto zokusebenza abasebenza ndawonye ukusiza ukufaka izimoto zikagesi eziningi endleleni."
UKlaus Lackner, uMqondisi, Isikhungo Sokukhishwa Kwekhabhoni Okungalungile, Inyuvesi Yesifundazwe Sase-Arizona
Isikweletu: I-Arizona State University
"Kusukela nge-COP27, [ingqungquthela yezemvelo yamazwe ngamazwe ebibanjelwe ngoNovemba eGibhithe], umgomo wesimo sezulu esingu-1.5 °C waba yinto engafinyeleleki, ugcizelela isidingo sokususwa kwekhabhoni. Ngakho-ke, u-2023 uzobona intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokubamba umoya ngqo. Zinikeza indlela yokukhulisa ukukhishwa kwegesi okungekuhle, kodwa zibiza kakhulu ekuphathweni kwemfucuza yekhabhoni. Kodwa-ke, ukubamba umoya ngqo kungaqala kuncane futhi kukhule ngenani kunokuba kukhule ngobukhulu. Njengamaphaneli elanga, amadivayisi okubamba umoya ngqo angakhiqizwa ngobuningi. Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kubonise ukwehliswa kwezindleko ngama-oda amakhulu. U-2023 unganikeza umbono wokuthi yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuhlinzekiwe obungasebenzisa ukwehliswa kwezindleko okukhona ekukhiqizweni ngobuningi."
RALPH MARQUARDT, ISIKHULU ESIPHEZULU SOKUQALA, IMIKHAKHA YASE-EVONIK
Isikweletu: I-Evonik Industries
"Ukuvimba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuwumsebenzi omkhulu. Kungaphumelela kuphela uma sisebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa kakhulu. Umnotho ojikelezayo wangempela ubalulekile kulokhu. Iminikelo yemboni yamakhemikhali kulokhu ifaka phakathi izinto ezintsha, izinqubo ezintsha, kanye nezithasiselo ezisiza ekuvuleni indlela yokuphinda kusetshenziswe imikhiqizo esevele isetshenzisiwe. Zenza ukuphinda kusetshenziswe ngomshini kusebenze kangcono futhi kuvumela ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kwamakhemikhali okunenjongo ngisho nangaphezu kwe-pyrolysis eyisisekelo. Ukuguqula imfucuza ibe izinto ezibalulekile kudinga ubuchwepheshe obuvela embonini yamakhemikhali. Emjikelezweni wangempela, imfucuza iyaphinda isetshenziswe futhi iba izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile zemikhiqizo emisha. Kodwa-ke, kufanele sisheshe; izinto zethu ezintsha ziyadingeka manje ukuze sikwazi ukukhiqiza umnotho ojikelezayo esikhathini esizayo."
USarah E. O'CONNOR, UMQONDISI, UMNYANGO WE-BIOSYNTHESIS YOMKHIQIZO WEMVELO, I-MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE YE-CHEMICAL ECOLOGY
Isikweletu: uSebastian Reuter
“Amasu e-'-Omics' asetshenziselwa ukuthola izakhi zofuzo nama-enzyme asetshenziswa amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, izitshalo, nezinye izinto eziphilayo ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yemvelo eyinkimbinkimbi. Lawa ma-gene nama-enzyme angasetshenziswa, ngokuvamile ngokuhlanganiswa nezinqubo zamakhemikhali, ukuthuthukisa amapulatifomu okukhiqiza ama-biocatalytic anobungani nemvelo yama-molecule angenakubalwa. Manje singenza '-omics' kuseli elilodwa. Ngibikezela ukuthi sizobona ukuthi ama-transcriptomics eseli elilodwa kanye nama-genomics aguqula kanjani isivinini esithola ngaso lawa ma-gene nama-enzyme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-metabolomics yeseli elilodwa manje ingenzeka, okusivumela ukuthi silinganise ukuhlushwa kwamakhemikhali kumaseli ngamanye, okusinika isithombe esinembile kakhulu sendlela iseli elisebenza ngayo njengefektri yamakhemikhali.”
RICHMOND SARPONG, ISAZI SAMAKHEMISI EZINTO EZINGCONO, IYUNIVESITHI YASE-CALIFORNIA, E-BERKELEY
Isikweletu: uNiki Stefanelli
"Ukuqonda kangcono ubunzima bama-molecule ezinto eziphilayo, isibonelo indlela yokuhlukanisa phakathi kobunzima besakhiwo kanye nokulula kokwenziwa, kuzoqhubeka nokuvela ekuthuthukisweni kokufunda komshini, okuzophinde kuholele ekusheshiseni kokwenziwa kahle kokusabela kanye nokubikezela. Lokhu kuthuthuka kuzopha izindlela ezintsha zokucabanga ngokuhlukanisa isikhala samakhemikhali. Enye indlela yokwenza lokhu ukwenza izinguquko emngceleni wama-molecule kanti enye iwukuthinta izinguquko enkabeni yama-molecule ngokuhlela amathambo ama-molecule. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-cores ama-molecule ezinto eziphilayo aqukethe izibopho eziqinile njenge-carbon-carbon, i-carbon-nitrogen, kanye nezibopho ze-carbon-oxygen, ngikholwa ukuthi sizobona ukukhula kwenani lezindlela zokusebenza kwalezi zinhlobo zezibopho, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezingaphazanyiswa. Intuthuko ekuthuthukisweni kwe-photoredox cishe izofaka isandla eziqondisweni ezintsha ekuhleleni kwamathambo."
U-ALISON WENDLANDT, ISAZI SAMAKHEMISI EZINGUMO, INSTITUTE YOBUCHWEPHESHE YASE-MASSACHUSETTS
Isikweletu: uJustin Knight
"Ngo-2023, osokhemisi bezinto eziphilayo bazoqhubeka nokucindezela amazinga aphezulu okukhetha. Ngilindele ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwezindlela zokuhlela ezinikeza ukunemba kwezinga le-athomu kanye namathuluzi amasha okulungisa ama-macromolecule. Ngiyaqhubeka nokuphefumulelwa ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuseduze nethuluzi le-organic chemistry: amathuluzi e-biocatalytic, electrochemical, photochemical, kanye nesayensi yedatha eyinkimbinkimbi aya ngokuya eba yindlela ejwayelekile. Ngilindele ukuthi izindlela ezisebenzisa la mathuluzi zizoqhakaza kakhulu, zisilethele i-chemistry esingakaze siyicabange ukuthi ingenzeka."
Qaphela: Zonke izimpendulo zithunyelwe nge-imeyili.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-07-2023