Osokhemikhali ezifundweni nasezimbonini baxoxa ngokuzoba sematheni ngonyaka ozayo

Ochwepheshe abangu-6 babikezela amathrendi amakhulu ekhemistri ka-2023

Osokhemikhali ezifundweni nasezimbonini baxoxa ngokuzoba sematheni ngonyaka ozayo

Ikhredithi: Will Ludwig/C&EN/Shutterstock

U-MAHER EL-KADY, ISIKHULU ESIPHEZULU SOBUCHWEPHESHE, I-NANOTECH ENERGY, KANYE NE-ELECTROCHEMIST, I-UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES

Ikhredithi: Ngenhlonipho ka-Maher El-Kady

“Ukuze siqede ukuthembela kwethu emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi sinciphise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, okuwukuphela kwendlela esingayenza ngayo ukufaka ugesi yonke into kusukela ezindlini kuya ezimotweni.Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, sibe nempumelelo enkulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizeni amabhethri anamandla kakhulu okulindeleke ukuthi aguqule ngendlela emangalisayo indlela esihamba ngayo ukuya emsebenzini nokuvakashela abangani nomndeni.Ukuqinisekisa ukushintshela okuphelele kwamandla kagesi, ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kokuminyana kwamandla, isikhathi sokushajwa kabusha, ukuphepha, ukugaywa kabusha, kanye nezindleko zehora le-kilowatt ngalinye kusadingeka.Umuntu angalindela ukuthi ucwaningo lwebhethri lukhule ngokuqhubekayo ngo-2023 ngenani elandayo losokhemisi nososayensi bezinto ezisetshenziswayo abasebenza ndawonye ukusiza ukubeka izimoto zikagesi eziningi emgwaqeni. ”

U-KLAUS LACKNER, UMQONDISI, ISIKHUNGO SOKUPHUMA KWE-CARBON EMIBI, I-ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY

Ikhredithi: I-Arizona State University

“Kusukela nge-COP27, [ingqungquthela yamazwe ngamazwe yezemvelo eyayingo-November e-Egypt], isimo sezulu esihlosiwe esingu-1.5 °C asibange sakwazi, okugcizelela isidingo sokususwa kwekhabhoni.Ngakho-ke, u-2023 uzobona intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula emoyeni okuqondile.Zihlinzeka ngendlela eyonyukayo ekukhiqizweni okungalungile, kodwa zibiza kakhulu ekulawuleni udoti wekhabhoni.Nokho, ukuthwebula komoya okuqondile kungaqala kuncane futhi kukhule ngenani kunosayizi.Njengamaphaneli elanga, izisetshenziswa zokuthwebula umoya eziqondile zingakhiqizwa ngobuningi.Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kubonise ukuncishiswa kwezindleko ngama-oda wobukhulu.U-2023 angase anikeze amazwibela lapho ubuchwepheshe obunikeziwe obungasebenzisa khona ukuncipha kwezindleko okuhambisana nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi.”

U-RALPH MARQUARDT, ISIKHULU ESIPHEZULU SOKWENZA OKUSHA, I-EVONIK INDUSTRIES

Isikweletu: Evonik Industries

“Ukumisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuwumsebenzi omkhulu.Ingaphumelela kuphela uma sisebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa kakhulu.Umnotho oyindilinga wangempela ubalulekile kulokhu.Iminikelo yemboni yamakhemikhali kulokhu ihlanganisa izinto ezintsha, izinqubo ezintsha, nezithasiselo ezisiza ukuhlahla indlela yokugaywa kabusha kwemikhiqizo esuvele isetshenzisiwe.Benza ukugaywa kabusha kwemishini kusebenze kahle futhi kunikeze amandla ukugaywa kabusha kwamakhemikhali okunenjongo ngisho nangaphezu kwe-pyrolysis eyisisekelo.Ukuguqula udoti ube yizinto ezibalulekile kudinga ubuchwepheshe obuvela embonini yamakhemikhali.Emjikelezweni wangempela, imfucuza igaywa kabusha futhi iba yimpahla ebalulekile yemikhiqizo emisha.Nokho, kufanele sisheshe;emisha yethu iyadingeka manje ukuze sikwazi umnotho oyindilinga esikhathini esizayo.”

U-SARAH E. O'CONNOR, UMQONDISI, UMNYANGO WE-BIOSYNTHESIS YOMKHIQIZO WEMVELO, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMICAL ECOLOGY

Ikhredithi: Sebastian Reuters

“Izindlela ze-'-Omics' zisetshenziselwa ukuthola izakhi zofuzo nama-enzyme asetshenziswa amagciwane, isikhunta, izitshalo, nezinye izinto eziphilayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe imikhiqizo yemvelo eyinkimbinkimbi.Lezi zakhi zofuzo nama-enzyme angasetshenziswa, ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswa nezinqubo zamakhemikhali, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinkundla zokukhiqiza ze-biocatalytic ezivumelana nemvelo zama-molecule amaningi.Manje singenza '-omics' kuseli eyodwa.Ngibikezela ukuthi sizobona ukuthi i-single-cell transcriptomics kanye ne-genomics iguqula kanjani isivinini lapho sithola khona lezi zakhi zofuzo nama-enzyme.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-metabolomics yengqamuzana elilodwa manje isingenzeka, esivumela ukuba silinganise ukugcwala kwamakhemikhali kumangqamuzana ngamanye, okusinikeza isithombe esinembe kakhulu sendlela ingqamuzana elisebenza ngayo njengemboni yamakhemikhali.”

U-RICHMOND SARPONG, I-ORGANIC CHEMIST, I-UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

Ikhredithi: Niki Stefanelli

“Ukuqonda kangcono inkimbinkimbi yama-athomu ephilayo, ngokwesibonelo indlela yokwahlukanisa phakathi kobunzima besakhiwo kanye nokulula kokuhlanganisa, kuzoqhubeka nokuvela entuthukweni yokufunda ngomshini, okuzophinde kuholele ekusheshisweni kokwenziwa ngcono kokusabela nokubikezela.Le ntuthuko izonikeza izindlela ezintsha zokucabanga mayelana nokuhlukahluka kwendawo yamakhemikhali.Enye indlela yokwenza lokhu iwukwenza izinguquko endaweni ezungezile yama-molecule futhi enye iwukuthinta izinguquko kumongo wama-molecule ngokuhlela amathambo ama-molecule.Ngenxa yokuthi ama-cores ama-organic molecule ahlanganisa izibopho eziqinile njenge-carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, ne-carbon-oxygen bond, ngikholelwa ukuthi sizobona ukukhula kwenani lezindlela zokwenza lezi zinhlobo zamabhondi zisebenze kahle, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezingavinjelwe.Intuthuko ye-photoredox catalysis izophinde ibe nomthelela ezinkombandlela ezintsha zokuhlela amathambo. "

U-ALISON WENDLANDT, I-ORGANIC CHEMIST, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Ikhredithi: Justin Knight

"Ngo-2023, osokhemisi bezinto eziphilayo bazoqhubeka nokugcizelela ukukhetha ngokweqile.Ngilindele ukukhula okwengeziwe kwezindlela zokuhlela ezinikeza ukunemba kweleveli ye-athomu kanye namathuluzi amasha okuhlanganisa ama-macromolecules.Ngiyaqhubeka nokugqugquzelwa ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obake basondelana kwikhithi yamathuluzi ye-organic chemistry: i-biocatalytic, electrochemical, photochemical, kanye namathuluzi esayensi yedatha eyinkimbinkimbi aya ngokuya ebiza imali yokugibela.Ngilindele ukuthi izindlela zokusebenzisa la mathuluzi zizoqhubeka ziqhakaze, zisilethele amakhemikhali esingakaze sicabange ukuthi angenzeka. ”

Qaphela: Zonke izimpendulo zithunyelwe nge-imeyili.